Are there transfers that are exempt from the NICS background check requirement?

Firearm transfers are exempt from the requirement for a NICS background check in three situations. These include transfers: (1) to transferees having a State permit that has been recognized by ATF as an alternative to a NICS check; (2) of National Firearms Act weapons to persons approved by ATF; and (3) certified by ATF as exempt because compliance with the NICS background check requirement is impracticable.

In Washington, you may transfer a firearm to an immediate family member within Washington, without a background check.   All other transfers or sales require a background check, (i-594, November 2014).